Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Sung Kyu Kim

18 Articles

Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiation Theray.: Sung Kyu Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2008;25(2):85-91. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2008.25.2.85

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Abstract PDF: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is believed to be one of the best radiation treatment techniques. IMRT is able to deliver fatal doses of radiation to the tumor region with minimal exposure of critical organs. It is essential to have a comprehensive quality assurance program to assure precision and accuracy in treatment, due to the character of IMRT. We applied quality assurance technique to the Eclipse treatment planning system and sought to determine its effectiveness in patient treatment planning. An acrylic phantom, film, and an ionization chamber were used in this study.

Comparision of Parotid Gland Dose Distribution between 3DCRT and IMRT in Head and Neck Radiation Therapy: Sang Mo Yun, Sung Kyu Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S443-448. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S443

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Abstract PDF: Purpose：This study compared 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) to intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in parotid glands sparing in head and neck cancers. Materials and Methods：Planning target volume (PTV) was outlined on each CT slice. The dose of 50.4 Gy was prescribed to the PTV with the conventional fraction, 5 fractions per week. We also outlined spinal cord and both parotid glands. With Eclipse 3 dimensional planning system, 3DCRT and IMRT planning were done.
Results
：After plan optimization, PTV dose distribution was evaluated with dose volume histogram. The 90% isodose curve covered almost all of PTV for both techniques. Maximum and median dose for spinal cord were 36.8 Gy and 34.2 Gy in 3DCRT, 39.9 GY and 37.5 Gy in IMRT. For parotid glands, mean and median dose were 33.6 Gy and 37.6 Gy in 3DCRT, 24.9 Gy and 24.5 Gy in IMRT.
Conclusion
：For the non-pharyngeal head and neck cancers, 3DCRT was cost effective radiation modality in prevention radiation therapy induced xerostomia.

Dose distribution of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and 3 Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer: Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim, Sang Mo Yun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S538-543. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S538

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Abstract PDF

Purpose：The aim of this study was to compare the dose distribution of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods：The IMRT plan and the 3DCRT plan used the 9 fields technique, respectively. In IMRT, tumor dose was a total dose of 50 Gy at 2.0 Gy per day, 5 days a week for 5 weeks. All cases were following the dose volume histogram (DVH) constraints. The maximum and minimum tumor dose constraints were 5,075 cGy and 4,925 cGy, respectively. The rectum dose constraints were <35% over 40 Gy. The bladder dose constraints were <35% over 30 Gy. The femur head dose constraints were <15% over 16 Gy. Tumor dose in the 3DCRT were 50 Gy.
Results
：In IMRT, the maximum dose of PTV was 101.9% and minimum dose was 89.5% for given dose. In 3DCRT, the maximum dose of PTV was 103.5% and minimum dose was 86.5% for given dose. The rectum dose was 29.2% over 40 Gy in IMRT compared with 67.9% in 3DCRT. The bladder dose was 30.1% over 30 Gy in IMRT compared with 30.6% in 3DCRT. The right femur head dose was 5.3% over 16 Gy in IMRT compared with 8.3% in 3DCRT. The left femur head dose was 6.8% over 16 Gy in IMRT compared with 9.1% in 3 DCRT.
Conclusion
：The dose of critical organs (rectum, bladder, and femur head) in IMRT showed to reduce than dose of 3DCRT. The rectum dose over 40 Gy in IMRT was reduced 38.7% than 3DCRT. The bladder dose over 30 Gy in IMRT was similar to 3DCRT. The femur head dose over 16 Gy in IMRT was reduced about 2.3∼3% than 3DCRT.

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Changes in Volume Dose by Treatment Plan According to pCT and CBCT in Image-guided Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Young Jin Won, Jung Hoon Kim
Journal of Radiological Science and Technology.2018; 41(3): 209. CrossRef
A Comparison between Three Dimensional Radiation Therapy and Intensity Modulated Tadiation Yherapy on Prostate Cancer
YoungJae Kim, JaeSub Lee, Seongill Hong, HyeJin Ko
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2013; 7(6): 409. CrossRef

Development of Multichannel On-line Thermometry System.: Sei One Shin, Hyun Jin Shin, Myung Se Kim, Sung Kyu Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1999;16(2):193-199. Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1999.16.2.193

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Measurement of body temperature is an important parameter inpatient management in many clinical condition. Failure to reach minimal acceptable and has necessitated the application of additional therapy. The authors developed a new, simple, accurate thermometry system, which could be used to undertake precise temperature measurement for various clinical conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new thermometry system using a specially designed temperature detecting and display system was developed. This system contains a temperature detecting sensor(LM 35CZ), which enables multiple serual checking of heat, data collection and processing computer, and 3-dimensional display system. It provides realtime volumetric visualization of temperature of a defined volume and stores and prints the data. RESULTS: With this system, temperature can be measured at multiple interesting sites simultaneously , demonstrated as a 3-dimensional temperature distribution and stored. In well-controlled, systematic experiments a significant correlation has been observed between standard temperature using this system at carious measuring points. CONCLUSION: This thermonetry system is a real-time measurement system, which can demonstrate 3-dimensional heat distribution in experimental phantom and human body and can be used for diagnosing abnormal conditions. In addition, this system reduces the nursing staff work load, providing them more time for long term care to patients.

Sequential Combination Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy of an Isolated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Larynx: Report of A Case.: Sei One Shin, Myung Se Kim, Sung Kyu Kim, Young Ran Shim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(2):443-450. Published online December 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.2.443

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Individual participant data meta-analysis of primary laryngeal lymphoma: Focusing on the clinical characteristics and prognosis
Kyung Hee Kim, Rock Bum Kim, Seung Hoon Woo
The Laryngoscope.2015; 125(12): 2741. CrossRef

Therapeutic Results of Radiotherapy in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancers.: Sei One Shin, Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1994;11(1):72-81. Published online June 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1994.11.1.72

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Abstract PDF: Total 55 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with radiation therapy at Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yeungnam University Hospital, between May-1 1986 and April-30 1993 were retrospectively analyzed by clinical characteristics, failure patterns follow up duration and survival ratio according to prognostic factors. Obtained results were as follows : 1. Male to female ratio was 17.3 2. Sixth and seventh decades were predominant age group. 3. The patients were 8 in stage I-II, 34 in stage IIIA, 13 in stage IIIb, respectively. 4. Forty five patients out of 55 were squamous cell carcinoma. 5. Primary tumor were originated from upper lobe bronchi predominantly. 6. The size of the primary tumor, lymph node involvement and the degree of differentiation were important in evaluation of prognosis. 7. In conclusion, for patients with poor prognostic factors systemic chemotherapy and multidisciplinary approach were recommended for better treatment outcome and improvement of survival.

Conservative surgery and definitive radiotherapy in early breast cancer: Sei One Shin, Jung Sook Hong, Myung Se Kim, Young Do Lee, Sung Kyu Kim, Soo Jung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1993;10(2):380-387. Published online December 31, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.2.380

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Abstract PDF: Local excision and axillary dissection followed by radiation therapy to the breast has been shown to achieve equivalent local control and survival as mastectomy in an prospective randomized trials. We analyzed 28 cases of early breast cancer in order to evaluate the therapeutic effects of conservative f surgery and definitive radiotherapy in the management of early breast cancer as possible alternative of simple mastectomy, retrospectively. Obtained results were as follows 1. Treatment related acute side reactions are more prominant in the case of chemoradiotherapy group than radiotherapy alone group. 2. There were no cases of primary, regional or systemic failures on the last follow up examination. 3. Cosmetic results after treatment were satisfactory in 26 cases out of 28 cases on the last follow up examination. 4. There were no demonstrable differences of tumor control and cosmetic results between the treatment groups. Although, these results suggested that definitive radiotherapy after local excision would be a possible and desirable alternative instead of total mastectomy in the management of early breast cancers, analyzed cases were too small and follow up period was too short to evaluate the therapeutic effect of primary radiotherapy after local excision, exactly.

Radition effect on colony formation of hela.S3(SC) cell line.: Sei One Shin, Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1993;10(1):212-217. Published online June 30, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.1.212

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Abstract PDF: Since discovery of X-rays, radiotherapy has evolved into one of the most scientific branches of medicine and has established its role as the primary line or the secondary line of attack, after surgery,. in the treatment of malignant cancers. Nowadays its importance is illustrated by the fact that as many as 70 per cent of all pastients with cancer will receive radiation therapy at sometime during their disease process. Biologic effects-of X-rays began to be apparant soon after the discovery by Roentgen in 1895. In clinical radiotherapy, the biologic endpoint of most importance is loss of cellular reproductive ability or clonogenicity. One of the commonest ;nays to assess cell survival is to use an in vitro plating assay. We analyzed radiation effect on colony formation of HaLa. S3(SC) cell line and obtained results are as follows The plating efficiency is 0.464. The shape of cell survival curve is similar to multi-target plus single hit component model. Estimated values of Do, Dq, and extrapolation number are 150 cGy, 80 cGy and 1.7 respectively. We reported these experimental data with review of literature.

Radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal cancers.: Sei One Shin, Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1992;9(2):312-320. Published online December 31, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1992.9.2.312

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Abstract PDF: Radiotherapeutically, nasopharyngeal caner is an important disease in Korea. Because of its blind anatomic location, early detection is relatively uncommon. Clinically, most of cases are locally advanced and nodal involvements are common. Recently better understanding of nature of the disease and improvement of radio – therapy technique permit better treatment result, including locoregional control and survival rate, and minimal normal tissue damages comparing with previously published date. We analyzed 31 patients of pathologically proven and previously untreated naso – pharyngeal carcinoma with different treatment techniques, retrospectively. Minimal and maximal follow up period of the survivor is 6 months and 68 months, respectively. Thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma are included in this analysis. The median age is 49 years (range from 20 to 64 years). Twenty two patients are stage III. Eleven patients are treated with radiotherapy alone and 20 are treated with combined modalities treatment. The degree of response after radiotherapy are categorized by 3-classes, i,e. complete response, partial response. In spite of similarities of complete response rate and 1-year survival rate between two different treatment techniques, those patients with undifferentiated carcinoma appear to benefit from the adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, systemic failure is more suggest that adjuvant therapy in the radiotherapeutic management of nasopharyngeal cancer needs additional research according to histologic types and future extensive clinical trials.

Palliative effect of radiation therapy in management of symptomatic osseous metastases: Sei One Shin, Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1992;9(1):102-109. Published online June 30, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1992.9.1.102

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Abstract PDF: Bone metastases represent an important and frequent clinical problem in patients with advanced cancers. Especially, painful bone metastases are common features in these patients. Radiotherapy is an effective tool for palliative aim of painful metastatic osseous lesions. Various treatment results have been previously reported. The present retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of palliative irradiation on pain relief, with the goal of selecting appropriate irradiation dose schedule. Radiotherapy consisted of 5 times a week with a various fractional dose between 180 and 400cGy. The response of pain relief and the survival time after completion of radiotherapy are related to total dose and most of the patients have shown a similar response by the end of radiotherapy. The higher dose and the more aggressive multimodality treatment, the better pain control and the longer survival time.

A study on dose distribution of small irradiation field in the electron therapy.: Sung Kyu Kim, Sei One Shin, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):114-120. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.114

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Abstract PDF: In electron therapy, low melting point alloy is used for shaping of the field. Electron field shaping material affect the output factor as well as the collimator system. The output factors of electron beams for shaped fields from NELAC-1018 were measured using ionization chamber of Farmer type in water phantom. The output factors of electron beams depend on the incident energy, inherent collimator system and the size of shaped field. Obtained results were followings. 1. In the smaller applicator, output varied extremely according to extent of collimator opening. 2. The higher energy, the output is less varied according to treatment field at small field.

A study of dose distribution in postoperative radiotherapy in uterine cervical cancer.: Sei One Shin, Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(1):166-177. Published online June 30, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.1.166

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Abstract PDF: Uterine cervical cancer is the most common malignancy in Korean women. In spite of recent development of early diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, about 40% of treated patient will develop relapse. So more aggressive local treatment such as more extensive surgery and higher radiation dose and administration of systemic chemotherapy will promote the curability but treatment related complications cannot be avoidable. We used 22 cases of early cervical cancer, treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy, clinical data of these patients were analyzed to determine relationship between clinical parameters and final outcome. Three out of 22 cases revealed relapse and one patient showed rectovaginal fistula and another patient showed small bowel obstruction and the other patient showed rectal obstruction. Two out of three recurrence were stage IIa and the other one case was stage Ib adenocarcinoma with lymphovascular involvement. Nineteen out of 22 cases were followed without remarkable side effect or treatment related complication or sequelae. We concluded that out treatment policy was safe and effective to eradicate high risk postoperative cervical cancer with acceptable side effects or complication.

A Study on the dosimetry in boundary of shielding block in high energy irradiation.: Myung Se Kim, Sung Kyu Kim, Sei One Shin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(2):115-120. Published online December 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.2.115

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Abstract PDF: Scatter-air ratios are used for the purpose of calculating scattered dose in the medium. The computation of the primary and the scattered dose separately is particularly useful in the dosimetry of irregular fields with shielding block in radiation field, dose distribution of scattered radiation using 18MeV Linear accelerator and Co-60 teletherapy measured. The effect of scattered radiation dose by protecting block was been ignored in radiation therapy, 2-3% of scattered radiation may be 90-200cGy which could be influence vital complication such as cataract, oligospermia or sterility. So that exact calculate scattered radiation by protecting block exactly for irregular field c small protection of vital organ is very important. The purpose of this article is to calculate scattered radiation by protecting block exactly for irregular field c Linac or Co-60 irradiation and to applicate these data in clinical radiation field. Authors could obtain following results. 1. The lesser angle between shielding block showed more scattered radiation. 2. With decreasing distance between shielding blocks, the dependent of scattered radiation were increased. 3. Output of 18 MeV Linear accelerator and Co-60 was related linear proportion on field size, but independent according to the size of shielding block in 18 MeV Linear accelerator.

Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer with CO-6O HDR Transcatheteric Irradiation.: Sei One Shin, Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(2):109-114. Published online December 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.2.109

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Abstract PDF: The basic strategy of irradiation is to deliver a dose to the cancer that is high enough to make cancer cells incapable of reproduction, while keeping the doses to the various healthy tissues below tolerable levels. In order to improve local control and survival, as a boost therapy after external radiotherapy, high dose rate transcatheteric irradiation using remote control after loading system (RALSTRON-20B) was used for twelve patients with head and neck cancers. Present results showed complete remission of cancer in 9 out of 112 patients without treatment related complications. Although this procedure is easy to operate, well trained skillful hand in essential for good results. Furthermore out experience suggested that meticulous treatment planning should be developed for better results.

The Dosimetry of Radiosurgery using of Rando Phantom.: Sung Kyu Kim, Sei One Shin, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(1):113-119. Published online June 30, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.1.113

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Abstract PDF: The stereotactic radiosurgery using ionizing radiation of high energy is a technique for exadicating intracranial small tumors, which are inaccessible or unsuitable for open surgical technique. For such a small field radiosurgery, TLD or film dosimetry is essential. The three dimensional dose planning of radiosurgery was performed with dose planning computer system (Therac 2300). The target dose distribution and its error according to patient position were discussed. And were measured of circular cone which specially designed in our Hospital. The position error of Rando Phantom compared with CT were 0.4 mm in the AP-LAT section and in the AP-VERT section, 1.0 mm in the AP-VERT 45°section. The ratio of accuracy of the gantry and couch rotation were 1.5 mm diameter for central axis of 18MeV linear accelerator. Our study suggested that radiosurgery of small field in out department will be appropriate for clinical application.

Radiation Effect on Airway Obstruction from Lung Cancer.: Sei One Shin, Sung Kyu Kim, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1989;6(2):121-125. Published online December 31, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1989.6.2.121

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Abstract PDF: Total 21 patients with airway obstruction from lung cancer treated with radiotherapy at Department of Therapeuctic Radiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, between April 1986 and December 1988 are retrospectively analyzed by means of roentgenologic findings. Obtained results are as follows. 1. 15 out of 21 patients (71%) showed complete or partial response. 2. Patients with small cell lung cancer showed 100% response in spite of low dose (30 GY/10 fractions.) 3. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with 50 GY or over showed better response than below 45 GY or below. 4. There is no relationship between the response and site of airway obstruction. These date suggested that high dose irradiation is more effective in the management of airway obstruction from lung cancer and meticulous radiotherapy planning with appropriate protection of normal lung and critical organs should be investigated in order to maximize radiation effect and minimize side effect, complication or sequelae.

A Study on the Dose Distribution for Total Body Irradiation using Co-60 Teletherapy Unit.: Sung Kyu Kim, Sei One Shin, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1989;6(2):113-119. Published online December 31, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1989.6.2.113

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Abstract PDF: In recent years there has been a growing interest in total body, hemibody, total lymphoid irradiation. For refractory leukemia or lymphoma patients, various techniques and dose regimens were introduced, including high dose total body irradiation for destruction of leukemic or bone marrow cells and immunosuppression prior to bone marrow transplantation, and low dose total body irradiation for treatment of lymphocytic leukemias or lymphomas. Accurate provision for specified dose and the desired homogeneity are essential before clinical total body irradiation. Purposes of this paper are to discuss calibrating Cobalt Unit in 3m distance using Rando Phantom, to compare calculated dose, calibrated dose, and compensating filters for homogeneous dose distribution in the head and neck, the lung and the pelvis. Results were following. 1. Measured dose on the lung was 6% higher than on the abdomen. Measured dose on the head (10%) and neck (18%) were higher than the abdomen because of thinness. Pelvic dose was measured 12% less than the abdomen. Those date suggest that compensating filter was essential. 2. Measured dose according to distance was 3% less than calculated dose which suggest that all doses in clinical use should be compared with calculated dose for minimizing error.

One Case of Esophageal Cancer Treated with High Dose Rate ICR.: Kyeung Ae Kim, Sung Kyu Kim, Sei One Shin, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1988;5(1):147-151. Published online June 30, 1988; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1988.5.1.147

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Abstract PDF: Esophageal cancers are highly malignant neoplasms. Prognosis of esophageal cancer treated by external irradiation alone is rather poor because of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Recently intracavitary irradiation has been used as a boost therapy after external irradiation to obtain better local control. One case of esophageal cancer has been treated by high dose rate remote-controlled after loading unit as boost therapy after external irradiation. The result was excellent in short term follow up esophagogram but esophageal bleeding and esophagotracheal fistula were noted in further follow up examination after inappropriate posttreatment management including insufficient chemotherapy due to poor general condition. We reviewed possible causes of esophageal bleeding and esophagotracheal fistula after external irradiation and high dose rate ICR.

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